Besides Arabica and Robusta, there are other coffee species, although they are less commonly known and commercially cultivated. Here are a few notable examples:
- Liberica (Coffea liberica): Also known as “Barako,” Liberica is the third most commercially cultivated coffee species. It originated in West Africa and is particularly popular in the Philippines. Liberica beans are larger than Arabica and Robusta, with an unusual shape and distinct flavor profile characterized by a woody and smoky taste.
- Excelsa (Coffea liberica var. dewevrei): Formerly considered a separate species, Excelsa is now classified as a variety of Liberica. It is primarily grown in Southeast Asia and has a unique flavor profile that combines fruity and tart notes with a hint of dark roast characteristics. Excelsa coffee is often used in blends to add complexity and enhance flavor.
- Stenophylla (Coffea stenophylla): This coffee species is native to Sierra Leone and Guinea. Stenophylla beans are smaller and elongated, and they have a mild, delicate flavor reminiscent of Arabica but with a slightly more acidic and tangy undertone. While less commercially prevalent, Stenophylla coffee is sometimes included in specialty blends for its unique attributes.
- Maragogipe (Coffea arabica var. maragogipe): Considered a natural mutation of Arabica, Maragogipe is distinguished by its remarkably large coffee beans. Also known as “Elephant Beans,” they are often sought after for their unique appearance. Maragogipe coffee typically exhibits a smooth and mild flavor profile, often described as having low acidity and a pleasant sweetness.
- Bourbon (Coffea arabica var. bourbon): Bourbon is a variety of Arabica that originated on the island of Bourbon (now Réunion) in the Indian Ocean. It is recognized for its exceptional cup quality, featuring a sweet and balanced flavor profile with fruity and floral notes. Bourbon coffee has been influential in the development of many coffee varieties worldwide.
While Arabica and Robusta dominate the global coffee market, these lesser-known coffee species offer a glimpse into the rich diversity of flavors and characteristics that can be found within the coffee plant family. Exploring the unique attributes of these species can be an exciting adventure for coffee enthusiasts seeking new and distinct coffee experiences.